Quote: Original post by Valderman
Tell me, what fundamental beliefs about morality and society does Islam embody that christianity doesn't?
Some of the most striking differences are:
1) Islam emphasizes submission to the faith rather than voluntary conversion and a personal relationship with God. Departing the faith is prohibited. Islam seeks to convert the entire world, for it is the will of God, in contrast with Christianity and Judaism. Hence, Islam was midwifed by blood and conquest, a legacy that has not surprisingly persisted to the modern day, whereas Christianity began peacefully and returned to a mostly peaceful role in modern times after fostering modern liberal ideas such as human rights.
2) Islam does not distinguish between matters of religion and matters of state. It prescribes a system of law that governs all aspects of life and is an expression of God's divine will, making it impossible for it to be supplanted or eliminated (as it needs to be). It therefore encroaches upon the public square to a far greater degree than Christianity and does so while permitting barbaric customs.
3) Islam is based heavily on prescriptions and rules, unlike Christianity which broke with Jewish legalism. As I mentioned in (2), it codifies and enshrines barbaric customs, forcing even moderate Muslims to engage in impressive logical contortions to justify them (which they must, for Mohammad is the perfect Muslim who sets the example for all who follow him).
4) Islam treats non-believers as inferior citizens. It denies them equal treatment and rights. This problem manifests itself even in "progressive" Islamic countries like Malaysia and Indonesia.
These factors, among many others, conspire to make Islam an illiberal religion, antithetical to progress, and make modernization of Islamic societies all the more difficult to carry out. Islam cannot be reconciled with the Enlightenment Era principles that are fundamental to modern civilization: freedom of speech, freedom of thought, freedom of faith, and rational government.