I was recently feeling nostalgic and thought I would break out “Tricks of the Windows Game Programming Gurus” and see if I could get some of the DirectDraw7 examples working on my Windows 10 computer using VS2017 community edition.
I was able to get the demo6_2.cpp running on my computer that is a fullscreen 640x480x8 bit mode program that does nothing it's just a black screen. But when I try the next one that is fullscreen 640x480x8 bit mode program that suppose to plot random colored pixels on the screen, it does not work and I have to force quit VS to close the program.
I have tried starting with the demo62 code and then adding in the code from 6_3 needed to do the color palette, surface, and attach palette, and plot the pixels but it still doesn't work.
When I run the demo6_3.exe program from the CD it works fine.
I also tried debugging by adding error handling code to the DirectDraw functions DirectDrawCreateEx, SetCooperativeLevel, SetDisplayMode, CreateSurface, CreatePalette, and SetPalette.
I found that it kept having a problem setting the Display Mode for some reason. The strange thing is, the code before the Game_Init() function in both examples are exactly the same. The added code to plot the pixels comes after the display mode is set. I am at a lose.
I am listing both code files below. The first one is the demo6_2.cpp 8 bit mode that just shows a blank screen, the second one is the demo6_3.cpp 8 bit mode that plots random pixels.
These code versions are straight from the CD. The only thing I have added is the pragma comment to add the ddraw.lib, these also do not contain my error handling code. I also had to change the include for iostream. It is listed as <iostream.h> in the original code but should be just <iostream>
I also have the Microsoft DirectX SDK from June 2010 that I use in my VS projects to link to the include and library files.
Any help here is appreciated.
// DEMO6_2.CPP basic full-screen DirectDraw demo
// INCLUDES ///////////////////////////////////////////////
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // just say no to MFC
#define INITGUID // make sure directX guids are included
#include <windows.h> // include important windows stuff
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <iostream> // include important C/C++ stuff
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#pragma comment(lib, “ddraw.lib”)
#include <ddraw.h> // include directdraw
// DEFINES ////////////////////////////////////////////////
// defines for windows
#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME "WINCLASS1"
// default screen size
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 640 // size of screen
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480
#define SCREEN_BPP 8 // bits per pixel
#define MAX_COLORS 256 // maximum colors
// TYPES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// basic unsigned types
typedef unsigned short USHORT;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned char UCHAR;
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
// MACROS /////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define KEYDOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
#define KEYUP(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)
// initializes a direct draw struct
#define DD_INIT_STRUCT(ddstruct) { memset(&ddstruct,0,sizeof(ddstruct)); ddstruct.dwSize=sizeof(ddstruct); }
// GLOBALS ////////////////////////////////////////////////
HWND main_window_handle = NULL; // globally track main window
HINSTANCE hinstance_app = NULL; // globally track hinstance
// directdraw stuff
LPDIRECTDRAW7 lpdd = NULL; // dd object
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsprimary = NULL; // dd primary surface
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsback = NULL; // dd back surface
LPDIRECTDRAWPALETTE lpddpal = NULL; // a pointer to the created dd palette
LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER lpddclipper = NULL; // dd clipper
PALETTEENTRY palette[256]; // color palette
PALETTEENTRY save_palette[256]; // used to save palettes
DDSURFACEDESC2 ddsd; // a direct draw surface description struct
DDBLTFX ddbltfx; // used to fill
DDSCAPS2 ddscaps; // a direct draw surface capabilities struct
HRESULT ddrval; // result back from dd calls
DWORD start_clock_count = 0; // used for timing
// these defined the general clipping rectangle
int min_clip_x = 0, // clipping rectangle
max_clip_x = SCREEN_WIDTH-1,
min_clip_y = 0,
max_clip_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT-1;
// these are overwritten globally by DD_Init()
int screen_width = SCREEN_WIDTH, // width of screen
screen_height = SCREEN_HEIGHT, // height of screen
screen_bpp = SCREEN_BPP; // bits per pixel
char buffer[80]; // general printing buffer
// FUNCTIONS //////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wparam,
LPARAM lparam)
{
// this is the main message handler of the system
PAINTSTRUCT ps; // used in WM_PAINT
HDC hdc; // handle to a device context
char buffer[80]; // used to print strings
// what is the message
switch(msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
// do initialization stuff here
// return success
return(0);
} break;
case WM_PAINT:
{
// simply validate the window
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
// end painting
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
// return success
return(0);
} break;
case WM_DESTROY:
{
// kill the application, this sends a WM_QUIT message
PostQuitMessage(0);
// return success
return(0);
} break;
default:break;
} // end switch
// process any messages that we didn't take care of
return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam));
} // end WinProc
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int Game_Main(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// this is the main loop of the game, do all your processing
// here
// for now test if user is hitting ESC and send WM_CLOSE
if (KEYDOWN(VK_ESCAPE))
SendMessage(main_window_handle,WM_CLOSE,0,0);
// return success or failure or your own return code here
return(1);
} // end Game_Main
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int Game_Init(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// this is called once after the initial window is created and
// before the main event loop is entered, do all your initialization
// here
// create IDirectDraw interface 7.0 object and test for error
if (FAILED(DirectDrawCreateEx(NULL, (void **)&lpdd, IID_IDirectDraw7, NULL)))
return(0);
// set cooperation to full screen
if (FAILED(lpdd->SetCooperativeLevel(main_window_handle,
DDSCL_FULLSCREEN | DDSCL_ALLOWMODEX |
DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_ALLOWREBOOT)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// set display mode to 640x480x8
if (FAILED(lpdd->SetDisplayMode(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_BPP,0,0)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// return success or failure or your own return code here
return(1);
} // end Game_Init
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int Game_Shutdown(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// this is called after the game is exited and the main event
// loop while is exited, do all you cleanup and shutdown here
// simply blow away the IDirectDraw4 interface
if (lpdd)
{
lpdd->Release();
lpdd = NULL;
} // end if
// return success or failure or your own return code here
return(1);
} // end Game_Shutdown
// WINMAIN ////////////////////////////////////////////////
int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hinstance,
HINSTANCE hprevinstance,
LPSTR lpcmdline,
int ncmdshow)
{
WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hold the class we create
HWND hwnd; // generic window handle
MSG msg; // generic message
HDC hdc; // graphics device context
// first fill in the window class stucture
winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
winclass.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC |
CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
winclass.hInstance = hinstance;
winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
winclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
winclass.lpszClassName = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;
winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
// save hinstance in global
hinstance_app = hinstance;
// register the window class
if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
return(0);
// create the window
if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, // extended style
WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, // class
"DirectDraw Full-Screen Demo", // title
WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE,
0,0, // initial x,y
SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT, // initial width, height
NULL, // handle to parent
NULL, // handle to menu
hinstance,// instance of this application
NULL))) // extra creation parms
return(0);
// save main window handle
main_window_handle = hwnd;
// initialize game here
Game_Init();
// enter main event loop
while(TRUE)
{
// test if there is a message in queue, if so get it
if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
{
// test if this is a quit
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
break;
// translate any accelerator keys
TranslateMessage(&msg);
// send the message to the window proc
DispatchMessage(&msg);
} // end if
// main game processing goes here
Game_Main();
} // end while
// closedown game here
Game_Shutdown();
// return to Windows like this
return(msg.wParam);
} // end WinMain
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DEMO6_3.CPP basic full-screen pixel plotting DirectDraw demo
// INCLUDES ///////////////////////////////////////////////
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // just say no to MFC
#define INITGUID // make sure directX guids are included
#include <windows.h> // include important windows stuff
#include <windowsx.h>
#include <mmsystem.h>
#include <iostream> // include important C/C++ stuff
#include <conio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#pragma comment(lib,"ddraw.lib)
#include <ddraw.h> // include directdraw
// DEFINES ////////////////////////////////////////////////
// defines for windows
#define WINDOW_CLASS_NAME "WINCLASS1"
// default screen size
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 640 // size of screen
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 480
#define SCREEN_BPP 8 // bits per pixel
#define MAX_COLORS 256 // maximum colors
// TYPES //////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// basic unsigned types
typedef unsigned short USHORT;
typedef unsigned short WORD;
typedef unsigned char UCHAR;
typedef unsigned char BYTE;
// MACROS /////////////////////////////////////////////////
#define KEYDOWN(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 1 : 0)
#define KEYUP(vk_code) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk_code) & 0x8000) ? 0 : 1)
// initializes a direct draw struct
#define DD_INIT_STRUCT(ddstruct) { memset(&ddstruct,0,sizeof(ddstruct)); ddstruct.dwSize=sizeof(ddstruct); }
// GLOBALS ////////////////////////////////////////////////
HWND main_window_handle = NULL; // globally track main window
HINSTANCE hinstance_app = NULL; // globally track hinstance
// directdraw stuff
LPDIRECTDRAW7 lpdd = NULL; // dd object
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsprimary = NULL; // dd primary surface
LPDIRECTDRAWSURFACE7 lpddsback = NULL; // dd back surface
LPDIRECTDRAWPALETTE lpddpal = NULL; // a pointer to the created dd palette
LPDIRECTDRAWCLIPPER lpddclipper = NULL; // dd clipper
PALETTEENTRY palette[256]; // color palette
PALETTEENTRY save_palette[256]; // used to save palettes
DDSURFACEDESC2 ddsd; // a direct draw surface description struct
DDBLTFX ddbltfx; // used to fill
DDSCAPS2 ddscaps; // a direct draw surface capabilities struct
HRESULT ddrval; // result back from dd calls
DWORD start_clock_count = 0; // used for timing
// these defined the general clipping rectangle
int min_clip_x = 0, // clipping rectangle
max_clip_x = SCREEN_WIDTH-1,
min_clip_y = 0,
max_clip_y = SCREEN_HEIGHT-1;
// these are overwritten globally by DD_Init()
int screen_width = SCREEN_WIDTH, // width of screen
screen_height = SCREEN_HEIGHT, // height of screen
screen_bpp = SCREEN_BPP; // bits per pixel
char buffer[80]; // general printing buffer
// FUNCTIONS //////////////////////////////////////////////
LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd,
UINT msg,
WPARAM wparam,
LPARAM lparam)
{
// this is the main message handler of the system
PAINTSTRUCT ps; // used in WM_PAINT
HDC hdc; // handle to a device context
char buffer[80]; // used to print strings
// what is the message
switch(msg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
{
// do initialization stuff here
// return success
return(0);
} break;
case WM_PAINT:
{
// simply validate the window
hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd,&ps);
// end painting
EndPaint(hwnd,&ps);
// return success
return(0);
} break;
case WM_DESTROY:
{
// kill the application, this sends a WM_QUIT message
PostQuitMessage(0);
// return success
return(0);
} break;
default:break;
} // end switch
// process any messages that we didn't take care of
return (DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wparam, lparam));
} // end WinProc
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int Game_Main(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// this is the main loop of the game, do all your processing
// here
// for now test if user is hitting ESC and send WM_CLOSE
if (KEYDOWN(VK_ESCAPE))
SendMessage(main_window_handle,WM_CLOSE,0,0);
// plot 1000 random pixels to the primary surface and return
// clear ddsd and set size, never assume it's clean
memset(&ddsd,0,sizeof(ddsd));
ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->Lock(NULL, &ddsd,
DDLOCK_SURFACEMEMORYPTR | DDLOCK_WAIT,
NULL)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// now ddsd.lPitch is valid and so is ddsd.lpSurface
// make a couple aliases to make code cleaner, so we don't
// have to cast
int mempitch = (int)ddsd.lPitch;
UCHAR *video_buffer = (UCHAR *)ddsd.lpSurface;
// plot 1000 random pixels with random colors on the
// primary surface, they will be instantly visible
for (int index=0; index < 1000; index++)
{
// select random position and color for 640x480x8
UCHAR color = rand()%256;
int x = rand()%640;
int y = rand()%480;
// plot the pixel
video_buffer[x+y*mempitch] = color;
} // end for index
// now unlock the primary surface
if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->Unlock(NULL)))
return(0);
// sleep a bit
Sleep(30);
// return success or failure or your own return code here
return(1);
} // end Game_Main
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int Game_Init(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// this is called once after the initial window is created and
// before the main event loop is entered, do all your initialization
// here
// create IDirectDraw interface 7.0 object and test for error
if (FAILED(DirectDrawCreateEx(NULL, (void **)&lpdd, IID_IDirectDraw7, NULL)))
return(0);
// set cooperation to full screen
if (FAILED(lpdd->SetCooperativeLevel(main_window_handle,
DDSCL_FULLSCREEN | DDSCL_ALLOWMODEX |
DDSCL_EXCLUSIVE | DDSCL_ALLOWREBOOT)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// set display mode to 640x480x8
if (FAILED(lpdd->SetDisplayMode(SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT, SCREEN_BPP,0,0)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// clear ddsd and set size
memset(&ddsd,0,sizeof(ddsd));
ddsd.dwSize = sizeof(ddsd);
// enable valid fields
ddsd.dwFlags = DDSD_CAPS;
// request primary surface
ddsd.ddsCaps.dwCaps = DDSCAPS_PRIMARYSURFACE;
// create the primary surface
if (FAILED(lpdd->CreateSurface(&ddsd, &lpddsprimary, NULL)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// build up the palette data array
for (int color=1; color < 255; color++)
{
// fill with random RGB values
palette[color].peRed = rand()%256;
palette[color].peGreen = rand()%256;
palette[color].peBlue = rand()%256;
// set flags field to PC_NOCOLLAPSE
palette[color].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
} // end for color
// now fill in entry 0 and 255 with black and white
palette[0].peRed = 0;
palette[0].peGreen = 0;
palette[0].peBlue = 0;
palette[0].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
palette[255].peRed = 255;
palette[255].peGreen = 255;
palette[255].peBlue = 255;
palette[255].peFlags = PC_NOCOLLAPSE;
// create the palette object
if (FAILED(lpdd->CreatePalette(DDPCAPS_8BIT | DDPCAPS_ALLOW256 |
DDPCAPS_INITIALIZE,
palette,&lpddpal, NULL)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// finally attach the palette to the primary surface
if (FAILED(lpddsprimary->SetPalette(lpddpal)))
{
// error
return(0);
} // end if
// return success or failure or your own return code here
return(1);
} // end Game_Init
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
int Game_Shutdown(void *parms = NULL, int num_parms = 0)
{
// this is called after the game is exited and the main event
// loop while is exited, do all you cleanup and shutdown here
// first the palette
if (lpddpal)
{
lpddpal->Release();
lpddpal = NULL;
} // end if
// now the primary surface
if (lpddsprimary)
{
lpddsprimary->Release();
lpddsprimary = NULL;
} // end if
// now blow away the IDirectDraw4 interface
if (lpdd)
{
lpdd->Release();
lpdd = NULL;
} // end if
// return success or failure or your own return code here
return(1);
} // end Game_Shutdown
// WINMAIN ////////////////////////////////////////////////
int WINAPI WinMain( HINSTANCE hinstance,
HINSTANCE hprevinstance,
LPSTR lpcmdline,
int ncmdshow)
{
WNDCLASSEX winclass; // this will hold the class we create
HWND hwnd; // generic window handle
MSG msg; // generic message
HDC hdc; // graphics device context
// first fill in the window class stucture
winclass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
winclass.style = CS_DBLCLKS | CS_OWNDC |
CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
winclass.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
winclass.cbClsExtra = 0;
winclass.cbWndExtra = 0;
winclass.hInstance = hinstance;
winclass.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
winclass.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
winclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(BLACK_BRUSH);
winclass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
winclass.lpszClassName = WINDOW_CLASS_NAME;
winclass.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
// save hinstance in global
hinstance_app = hinstance;
// register the window class
if (!RegisterClassEx(&winclass))
return(0);
// create the window
if (!(hwnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, // extended style
WINDOW_CLASS_NAME, // class
"DirectDraw Full-Screen Demo", // title
WS_POPUP | WS_VISIBLE,
0,0, // initial x,y
SCREEN_WIDTH,SCREEN_HEIGHT, // initial width, height
NULL, // handle to parent
NULL, // handle to menu
hinstance,// instance of this application
NULL))) // extra creation parms
return(0);
// save main window handle
main_window_handle = hwnd;
// initialize game here
Game_Init();
// enter main event loop
while(TRUE)
{
// test if there is a message in queue, if so get it
if (PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,0,0,PM_REMOVE))
{
// test if this is a quit
if (msg.message == WM_QUIT)
break;
// translate any accelerator keys
TranslateMessage(&msg);
// send the message to the window proc
DispatchMessage(&msg);
} // end if
// main game processing goes here
Game_Main();
} // end while
// closedown game here
Game_Shutdown();
// return to Windows like this
return(msg.wParam);
} // end WinMain
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
