My professors tend to teach math without a context on what it does, or it's function.

This exactly. Maths people think maths for maths sake is fun, and will teach it as abstract on its own without any practical application. I was taught maths like that and couldn't take it in. I constantly find myself relearning it, e.g. only in the past two years relearned vectors and linear algebra properly and realised how to use it in games.

Maths does need a context.

For basic games really not that much since existing frameworks and engines help you with that. I move everything in my games with the use of Vectors and these really only require adding, subtracting and multiplication skills. They are easy to understand and you don't need to use any trigonometry for positioning. Every now and then you will run into something that requires some math but there are plenty of resources online that can help you solve it. I think my knowledge of math is pretty limited and I was never really stuck on something requiring math. Math does help you with solving problems though, like in programming you have to dissect your problems in small readable peaces and combine these to solve the problem you have.

Thanks everyone :)

I suggest having a look at Math for games developers on Youtube ( https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLW3Zl3wyJwWOpdhYedlD-yCB7WQoHf-My ), it is a playlist containing most of the things you need to know explained pretty cleanly.

You'll apply math as you need it. Think about what needs to be done and look for the right math that fit your objective. I do have a link that helped me out greatly but that link isn't on the device I'm using. I'll post it later.

edit

Here ya go.

http://home.cmit.net/rwolbeck/programmingtutorial/reference/addgravity.htm