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Original post by Edtharan
Plausible technologies:
Universal Translator
The UT would be a device that consist of 2 parts. The transmitter and the receiver.
The transmitter would be implanted in the throat (or other voice producing organ) and would pick up a sub vocalisation of the users language. It would then connect to a small portable computer (which may be part of the implant, but could be wirelessly connected to another computer). The computer would then translate your sub vocalizations in real time into the language of the recipient (through a small speaker).
The receiver would reverse this, by taking the incoming speech of another language and converting it in real time into your native language.
These two devices would also be able to listen to an unknown language and formulate a translation of it, by its self. They would be able to learn a language. If two people with UTs that didn't have a translation cipher for each others language would be able to transmit the appropriate ciphers to each other wirelessly.
This is a very plausible technology and the basics of it are currently in existence. We have translator devices that you can speak into and it will translate your words into the selected target language (some of them in real time). A sub vocalization translator is in development, and translators that learn new languages are also being developed (and they do have a working prototype). So this technology might even be in public use in less than 10 years.
Definitely not. No foreseeable technology would allow such a device.
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Original post by Edtharan
Computers able to reproduce a functioning Human brain
This kind of technology would allow a person to "downloadupload" their brain into a computer. The computer would need the memory capacity to store all this data and also need the processing capacity to accurately "run" the emulation.
Fixed. Confusion between "download" and "upload" is one of my pet peeves.
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Original post by Edtharan
If Moore's Law holds true we should see the first computer with this kind of capacity (both memory and processing power) in about 15 to 20 years time. It might be around 20 to 25 years before it becomes cheap enough for the average person to afford. But if Moore's Law keeps holding true, then in 18 months time we will have a single computer that could emulate 2 brains, then 18 months time 4 brains, and so on. Within another 20 years the processing capacity of a single computer might be able to emulate the entire world...
Moore's Law will eventually not apply. There is a limit to how much you can shrink transistors. Although, quantum dots will likely eventually replace transistors and they can be shrunk further than transistors (in fact, in general, quantum dots work better when they are smaller). Additionally, no one really knows how consciousness works, so there wouldn't be a way to know if someone's consciousness is transfered.
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Original post by Edtharan
Laser/Plasma Weapons
This is not your simple Laser as in the type of laser used in a CD player. This weapon uses a laser to Ionise (turn into a plasma) a stream of air between the "Gun" and the target. This stream of ionized air is capable of conducting electricity. This can then be used to deliver an electric shock to the victim.
This kind of weapon has already been demonstrated, but it is not yet practical for field use (and the safety has not been fully investigated). This kind of weapon is plausible as it has already been shown to work. It is just that the power source and laser needs to be reduced in size and weight before it could be useful as a real weapon (at the moment it must be mounted on a vehicle - but this usage would be currently practical).
Coilguns (possibly even railguns, if they can find a better way to make the rails) will likely become practical before any sort of pure energy weapon.