since in space invaders, all of the bad guys move in a synchronized way, you dont have to keep track of much...
you need(at least) the following variables.
AlienCount=# of aliens currently on the screen. this is used both to determine if you have beaten the level as well as how fast the aliens should be moving. you only have to update it when an alien is hit.
LeftColumn=the column number farthest to the left with aliens still alive in it
RightColumn=the column number farthest to the right with aliens still alive in it
BottomRow=the row number farthest down with aliens still alive. this is to calculate when then aliens land.
FormationX,FormationY= the upperleft corner of where alien(0,0)-the upperleft alien- is to be placed. this reference point is used to calculate all other alien positions
Direction=1 or -1 (or some other suitable numbers), specifies which direction the formation is moving
to determine when the formation should change direction, you compare the rightmost or leftmost columns position versus certain setpoints (based on the resolution of the play area), and change the direction as needed.
anyway, thats the basic layout. there's more to it, but i'm sure you can fill in the pieces.