There are a couple things here.
First, unless this is something you have done multiple times it is something YOU CANNOT PREDICT. No matter what systems and modules you think you need up front, YOU WILL BE WRONG.
So plan for that. Think about the general systems you know you will need, plan for them as parts of the whole, and call it good enough for now. When you need something more from one of those systems, add it. When it does too much, split it. If it gets to complex, simplify it.
If you have experience in the systems you can guide the growth into common patterns, but if you don't have the experience it is unrealistic to guess too much in the details.
Don't worry, you aren't alone here. Many people --- including experienced developers and project managers --- get confused about the level of planning to do.
This is an area of Agile development that people hotly debate. The Agile Manifesto includes among the values: "We value ... Responding to Change over Following a Plan"
I interpret this to mean we should all make our own plans, but we should begin with a solid understand of the goal.
In a more real-world example, I might give the overall goal "Be at the wedding reception on 8:30 on Thursday, 123 Maple Street." As the organizer I do not make plans such as driving directions, outfits to wear, or time to leave their locations. Instead I trust that the individuals involved can make their own planning as needed to reach those goals.
Perhaps a group of people may discuss a carpool and have their own pickup times. They may give a bit of buffer for traffic knowing they want to arrive by 8:10, so work backward for the times saying we pick up Bob at 8:00, Joe at 7:50, and Fred at 7:45. Then they work backward for how long it takes each person to get ready, and so forth. Each group attending the event can make their own plans, allowing enough time in their own schedules to accomplish the clear goals.
For software, you should know what it is you are trying to build. You should know where you want to go, when you want to get there. Then you can work backward to the things you know you will need. Allow enough time for unexpected elements, and build up the schedule as best you can to accomplish your clear goals. If you don't have enough experience to know what those items are, then finding out those things should be your first set of tasks.
There is no best plan, no universal template of what to build and schedules to build them with, just like there are no universal plans to get to 123 Maple Street by 8:30. Some people travel north, others travel south; some travel on trains, airplanes, cars, or simply walk. Whatever plan you build and path you follow should be unique to you. My plan for me almost certainly won't work for you.