These two are quite hefty antipatterns:
I am using pure c code but compile it in c++ mode, this is simple and pure winapi app
#include "..\allmyheaders\allmyheaders.h"
You should either write C or C++ and compile the language that you use, not something different. C++ is not "C with some additional stuff", it is a different language with similar, but different rules. There is nothing wrong with writing C code, but then you should also compile as C. If you compile C++, then you should write C++.
Including "allmyheaders.h" is something that generally works, but it makes compilation needlessly slow, and you maybe bring definitions into scope which you don't need (or which even interfere in a non-obvious manner). It will also cause some people to raise an eyebrow when they look at your code, and will cause others to yell at you.
One notable difference of whether you compile C or C++ is for example that C++ (at least C++11, but GCC since ca. version 4.6 also does that for C++03) mandates initialization of function-local static variables being thread-safe. I'm mentioning that since you use that feature (maybe without being aware).
You most probably should not worry about exceptions. Do they have a runtime cost? Well, it depends, generally everything has a runtime cost. A better question would be whether they have a cost that matters, or a cost that is not justified by the benefits.
Giving a meaningful answer about exceptions is also hard since it depends a lot on what compiler build you use. MinGW can use setjump/longjump, DW2, and SEH exceptions. Which ones you have is determined when the compiler is built (on a proper build, you can figure out by running gcc -v).
SJLJ exceptions do have a runtime overhead, but even these are very acceptable, and the usefulness of exceptions still outweights their runtime cost in my opinion. DW2 exceptions make your exectuable somewhat bigger, but do not have a runtime overhead unless or until you actually throw (when trowing, they're indeed slightly slower). SEH exceptions combine the best of two worlds, but are presently only implemented in 64-bit builds (patent issues).
Exceptions have traditionally been accused of killing performance, but at least on a desktop, that is definitively not the case (it might be on a console). Like most language features, exceptions can be used for good and for evil. If you use them in a reasonable manner, their overhead will be very low (close to zero), but they will be immensely useful and greatly improve your code quality.
If you abuse them, ... well, the opposite.
disabling GetCurrentProcessId() [...] can it be explained?
I can't explain that. Does not seem like this is possible.