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Original post by Wavinator
You can carry this further out into the future. A solar civilization will consume a certain amount of energy, yet the sun itself only can give so much-- yes a staggering amount by present standards but still fixed. If you converted all the matter in the solar system into fuel (ridiculous to us by not maybe to an energy hungry species growing exponentially) you'd still run into a hard limit. As Stephen Baxter in his book Deep Future points out, even a stellar civilization could overpopulate itself into oblivion, and even billions of years in the future it's conceivable that, if we're still around, there'll be energy barriers to surpass.
Interesting. Traditionally as society becomes more advanced - higher standards of education and health, extended lifespans, etc. - population growth is reduced. Presumably at least partially responsible for this is the cost of raising a child increases as well. But with technology driving the price of knowledge to zero (we've been successful in artificially inflating the price of education through increasingly arbitrary pieces of paper thus far, but I insist this will eventually fail), more actively keeping us healthy, and, eventually, providing an abundance of food, I can imagine this trend reversing.
I wonder how Baxter explains it. I am very sad to discover that neither of the libraries to which I have access have that book. Not surprising, I suppose, since I can't find it for a reasonable price anywhere.
Also, it just occurred to me, this reminds me of the Kardashev scale. I also found this recent critique of the scale while searching for the name of it.